1) Atom. Subatomic particles: proton, electron, neutron. Mass Number. Atomic Number. Isotopes. Isobars, Isotones
2) Atomic orbital. Quantum numbers: principal quantum number n, azimuthal quantum number l, magnetic quantum number m, spin quantum number. The rules for writing the electron configuration of elements.
3) Periodic Table and trends: Trends Ionization energy, Electron affinity, Electronegativity. Ionic and metallic bonding. Properties of Ionic compounds.
4) Covalent bond. Polar covalent bond. Non-polar covalent bond. Coordinative covalent bond. Formation of [NH4]+ and H3O+ ions. Hybridization: sp, sp2, sp3 . sigma and pi bonds. Bond dissociation energy. Molecular orbital (MO) Theory. The MO bond order. MO diagram for H2 and O2.
5) Hydrogen bond. Formation of hydrogen bond. Types of Hydrogen bond. Intermolecular and Intramolecular hydrogen bond. The uniqueness of water.
6) Redox reactions: Intermolecular, Intramolecular and Disproportionation reactions. Balancing redox reaction.
7)Rate of Reactions. Factors Affecting Reaction Rate. Rate Law and Rate Constants. Activation energy. Catalysts. A catalyst in the steps of a reaction mechanism.
8) Reversible Reactions and Equilibrium. Equilibrium constant. Factors affecting Equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle.
9) Acids and Bases. Preparation and Chemical properties of Salts. pH of solutions. Buffer solutions.
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