Neoplastic bone tissue production is revealed in case of:

A) Osteogenic sarcoma

B) Ewing’s sarcoma

C) Bone metastases

ANSWER: A

 

The most common signs of malignant bone tumors are:

A) Osteoporosis

B) Destruction

C) All the answers are correct

ANSWER: B

 

Malignant bone tumors are not characterized by:

A) Destruction

B) Osteoporosis

C) Periosteal reaction

ANSWER: B

 

It is not typical for a giant cell tumor:

A) Thinning of the compact layer

B) Bone swelling

C) Periosteal reaction (Kodman triangle)

ANSWER: C

 

On X-ray lateralography, images can be taken only

A) in direct projection

B) in lateral projection

C) in any projection

ANSWER: C

 

Medical radiology is the science of using radiation for medical purposes, its main components are:

A) the diagnosis of the disease (radiological diagnosis)

B) treatment of the disease (radiation therapy)

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

The range of X-ray radiation is located:

A) between radiowaves and magnetic field

B) between infrared and ultraviolet radiation

C) between ultraviolet and gamma radiation

ANSWER: C

 

The X-ray tube is filled

 A) with krypton

B) created a vacuum

C) with hydrogen

ANSWER: B

 

The energy hardness of the X-ray beam depends

A) on the power supply to the cathode

B) on the material from which the anode is made

C) on the magnitude of the high voltage

ANSWER: C

 

What kind of detectors are used in CT

A) Only semiconductor elements

B) Semiconductor cells and xenon detectors

C) Xenon detectors only

ANSWER: B

 

Which organ (tissue) has the least absorption of X-rays?

A) bone

B) Liver

C) adipose tissue

ANSWER: C

 

Does not belong to electromagnetic radiation

A) Infrared rays

B) Ultrasound

C) Radiowaves

ANSWER: B

 

In which method of investigation does not use ionizing radiation

A) Angiography

B) Computed tomography

C) magnetic resonance imaging

ANSWER: C

 

Contrast materials used in X-ray are

A) Barium sulfate

B) Organic unit of iodine

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

Ultrasound’s frequency is not less than:

A) at 15 kHz

B) at 20,000 Hz

E) at 20 Hz

ANSWER: B

 

The speed of ultrasound propagation is determined by:

A) frequency

B) by amplitude

C) with the environment

ANSWER: C

 

The characteristics of the environment in which the ultrasound will pass are determined by:

A) resistance

B) amplitude

C) frequency

ANSWER: A

 

Ultrasound is reflected from the separating surface of environments that differ from each other:

A) by density

B) with acoustic resistance

C) the speed of ultrasound propagation

ANSWER: B

 

X-ray positive contrast agents

A) Easily inhense X-ray beams

B) Not inhanse x-ray beams

C) Pass the X-ray beam

ANSWER: A

 

X-ray negative contrast agents are

A) Oxygen

B) nitrogen

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

X-ray positive contrast agents are

A) Iodine-containing contrast agents

B) Barium sulfate

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

The water absorption coefficient according to the Hounsfield scale is

A) 0

B) -1000

C) +1000

ANSWER: A

 

Bone tissue absorption coefficient according to the Hounsfield scale is

A) 0

B) -1000

C) + 1000

ANSWER: C

 

The air absorption coefficient  according to the Hounsfield scale is

A) 0

B) -1000

C) +1000

ANSWER: B

 

The visual capability of computed tomography depends

A) On the localization of the pathology

B) On the density of the pathology

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

informative method of investigation for spinal cord imaging is

A) Ultrasound examination

B) Magnetic resonance imaging

C) Computed tomography

ANSWER: B

 

Contrasts materials used in computed tomography are

A) Iodine containing contrast agents

B) 76% verographine

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

In case of syndrome "volumetric formation" revealed

A) The size and / or shape of the organ

B) "Extra mass" in the organ

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

Method of investigation for the diagnosis of vascular diseases is

A) PET CT

B) Angiography

C) Scintigraphy

ANSWER: B

 

Which contrast agent used for angiography

A) Triiodinated contrast agents

B) Barium sulfate

C) Air

ANSWER: A

 

In the ultrasound diagnostic devices ultrasounds produced:

A)InPb collimators

B) In the piezocrystals in the diagnostic zond

C) In scintillation detectors

ANSWER: B

 

X-ray sign of a bone fracture:

A) bright line of fracture

B) dislocation of broken fragments

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

Ultrasound is reflected from the separating surface of environments that differ from each other:

A) by density

B) with acoustic resistance

C) the speed of ultrasound propagation

ANSWER: B

 

The intensity of reflection in the perpendicular fall of an ultrasound depends on:

A) on the density difference

B) on the difference of acoustic resistances

C) on the difference between density and acoustic resistances

ANSWER: B

 

The most common localization of osteogenic sarcoma:

A) distal metaphysis of the femur

B) Proximal metaphysis of the femur

C) Distal metadiaphysis of the tibia

ANSWER: A

 

Which group of diseases of the skeletal system is characterized by periostitis – periosteal reactions:

A) malignant tumors

B) benign tumors

C) fibrous osteodysplasia

ANSWER: A

 

Which of the following symptoms does not characterize osteoid-osteoma:

A) Sclerosis in the peripheral zone, centrally nesting

B) Osteoid calcification

C) calcification osparaosal soft tissue

ANSWER: C

 

Which X-ray symptom is crucial for the diagnosis of Ewing's tumor and diaphyseal osteomyelitis:

A) Increase the soft tissue shade intensity

B) symptom of cortical sequestration

C) Superficial periostosis

ANSWER: B

 

In osteomyelitis according to the first clinical picture with which malignant tumors it is necessary to differentiate:

A) Ewing's tumor

B) fibrosarcoma

C) Chondrosarcoma

ANSWER: A

 

What types of long tubular fractures are common in children:

A) Abnormal fractures

B) Intra-articular fractures

C) subperiosteal fractures, traumatic epiphysiolis

ANSWER: C

 

Reliable diagnosis of posterior herniated discs is possible:

A) by X-ray

B) by ultrasound examination

C) by magnetic resonance imaging

ANSWER: C

 

Tuberculous arthritis is not characterized by:

A) Narrowing of the articular fissure

B) Destruction of endplates of vertebrae

C) periosteal reaction in the metaphysis near the joint

ANSWER: C

 

Tuberculous arthritis is characterized by:

A) Narrowing of the articular fissure

B) Destruction of endplates

C) All the answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

Vertebral osteosclerosis is the most characteristic of the following metabolic lesions of the skeleton:

A) Osteomalacia developed as a result of avitaminosis

B) nephrotic osteodystrophy

C) hyperparathyroidosteodystrophy

ANSWER: C

 

The most common radiographic syndrome of hyperparathyroid fibrotic osteodystrophy is:

A) cortical bone destruction

B) periosteal reaction

C) small osteoporosis with multiple cystic lesions

ANSWER: C

 

Not typical for systemic osteoporosis

A) Decreased bone density

B) Dissolution of the cortical bone

C) subchondral sclerosis in the endplates  of vertebrae

ANSWER: C

 

Characteristic signs of systemic osteoporosis

A) Decreased bone density

B) Dissolution of the cortical bone

C) All the answers are correct

ANSWER: C

​​

Characterized signs of benign bone tumours and tumour-like pathologies is:

A) uneven contours

B) sharp contours

C) Narrowing of the bone marrow canal

ANSWER: B

 

Osteochondrosis of the intervertebral discs of the spine is not characterized by:

A) Reducing the height of the intervertebral disc

B) spondylolisthesis

C) Destruction of the endplates of the vertebrae

ANSWER: C

 

Arthrosis is characterized by:

A) Erosions of the cartilage on joint surface

B) presence of osteophytisand narrowing of the joint

C) Regional osteoporosis

ANSWER: B

 

X-ray characteristic signs of bone marrow tumors is:

A) bone destruction

B) Osteonecrosis

C) Osteoporosis

ANSWER: A

 

The following changes are most common in case of hyperparathyroidosteodystrophy in the bones of the skull in most cases characterictic changes are:

A) homogenous bone structure

B) local osteoporotic foci with even contours

C) Multiple destructive foci with normal structure of bone in other areas

ANSWER: B

 

Hyperparathyroidosteodystrophy is most commonly caused by:

A) diffuse hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands

B) adenoma of the parathyroid gland

C) Inflammation of the parathyroid gland

ANSWER: B

 

The most accurate definition of osteoporosis is:

A) reduction of bone tissue per unit volume of bone

B) decrease in calcium content per unit volume of bone

C) reduction of bone tissue per unit of bone volume, in cases of absence of normal mineralization and abnormal tissue

ANSWER: C

 

Which method can be used to detect metastatic damage of the skelet:

A) computed tomography

B) radioisotope scan of bones

C) X-ray with direct magnification of the image

ANSWER: B

 

Malignant tumors of the spine are not characterized by:

A) Destruction of the body of vertebrae

B) destruction of the intervertebral disc

C) thickening of the paravertebral soft tissues

ANSWER: B

 

Which malignant bone tumour needs differential diagnosis with osteomyelities due of similar clinical features and X-ray picture:

A) Chondrosarcoma

B) bone metastases

C) Ewing sarcoma

ANSWER: C

 

The typical radiographic symptom of osteolytic-type osteogenic sarcoma is not:

A) Destruction area with uneven contours

B) Destruction of the cortical bone

C) Destruction is not revealed

ANSWER: C

 

X-ray symptom characteristic of osteolytic-type osteogenic sarcoma:

A) Destruction area with uneven contours

B) Destruction of the cortical bone

C) All the answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

Radiological signs indicated neoplastic bone production:

A) periosteal reaction

B) hardening of the bone structure

C) ossification in paraosal soft tissues

ANSWER: B

 

Neoplastic bone tissue production is revealed in case of:

A) osteogenic sarcoma

B) Ewing’s sarcoma

C) bone metastases

ANSWER: A

 

The most common signs of malignant bone tumors are:

A) Osteoporosis

B) destruction

C) All the answers are correct

ANSWER: B

 

Malignant bone tumors are not characterized by:

A) Destruction

B) osteoporosis

C) Periosteal reaction

ANSWER: B

 

It is not typical for a giant cell tumor:

A) Thinning of the compact layer

B) Bone swelling

C) Periosteal reaction (Kodman triangle)

ANSWER: C

 

Giant cell tumors are characterized by:

A) Thinning of the compact layer

B) Bone swelling

C) All the answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

Inflammatory lesions of the spine - spondylitis is characterized by:

A) Destruction of the endplates of the vertebrae

B) Involvement of the bodies of the neighboring vertebrae

C) All the answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

radiological signs of osteomyelitis are:

A) destruction

B) sequestration

C) all answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

Hyperostosis is revealed in case of:

A) acute osteomyelitis

B) subacute osteomyelitis

C) chronic osteomyelitis

ANSWER: C

 

Bone density is determined by:

A) bone minerals

B) water

C) bone marrow

ANSWER: A

 

The range of X-ray radiation is located:

A) between radiowaves and magnetic field

B) between infrared and ultraviolet radiation

C) between ultraviolet and gamma radiation

ANSWER: C

 

The X-ray tube is filled

 A) with krypton

B) created a vacuum

C) with hydrogen

ANSWER: B

 

The energy hardness of the X-ray beam depends

A) on the power supply to the cathode

B) on the material from which the anode is made

C) on the magnitude of the high voltage

ANSWER: C

 

What kind of detectors are used in CT

A) Only semiconductor elements

B) Semiconductor cells and xenon detectors

C) Xenon detectors only

ANSWER: B

 

Does not belong to electromagnetic radiation

A) Infrared rays

B) Ultrasound

C) radio waves

ANSWER: B

 

In which method of investigation does not use ionizing radiation

A) Angiography

B) Computed tomography

C) magnetic resonance imaging

ANSWER: C

 

Contrast materials used in X-ray are

A) Barium sulfate

B) Organic unit of iodine

C) All answers are correct

ANSWER: C

 

Ultrasound’s frequency is not less than:

A) at 15 kHz

B) at 20,000 Hz

E) at 20 Hz

ANSWER: B

 

The speed of ultrasound propagation is determined by:

A) frequency

B) by amplitude

C) with the environment

ANSWER: C

 

The characteristics of the environment in which the ultrasound will pass are determined by:

A) resistance

B) amplitude

C) frequency

ANSWER: A

 

Ultrasound is reflected from the separating surface of environments that differ from each other:

A) by density;

B) with acoustic resistance;

C) the speed of ultrasound propagation;

ANSWER: B